Hair transplantation is a procedure that not only improves appearance but also restores confidence to people struggling with various forms of hair loss. To ensure the process is as comfortable as possible, proper patient preparation is essential. This includes the use of appropriate anesthetics.
How does a hair transplant work?
Hair transplantation is a cosmetic surgical procedure. During it, the surgeon removes hair follicles from the donor area, usually from the back of the scalp, and implants them into bald or thinning areas. This typically restores hair in the temples, hairline, or crown. Today, the most common technique is FUE (Follicular Unit Extraction), which involves transplanting individual follicular units known as grafts.
The procedure is time-consuming, lasting from several to even more than ten hours. Both graft harvesting and implantation require great precision. Only as many grafts as needed are harvested – never “extra” ones – so they must be handled carefully to avoid damage. They also need to be implanted at the correct angle so that the regrown hair looks natural. Hospitalization is not required, but patients do need pain management.
Anesthesia in surgical procedures
Different anesthesia methods are used depending on the type of surgery and patient needs. The goal is to ensure comfort and eliminate pain. General anesthesia is typically used for major surgeries involving deep tissue intervention.
For hair transplantation, local anesthesia is most commonly used. In this case, the anesthetic is injected directly into the scalp. The patient remains conscious but feels no pain. As an additional option, sedation may be used to induce relaxation or light sleep, reducing anxiety and stress. Sedation levels can range from mild relaxation to temporary unconsciousness.
Local anesthesia – does the patient feel nothing?
Local anesthetics work by blocking nerve conduction. They temporarily disable sensory nerve endings, so pain signals are not transmitted to the brain. The effect usually begins within minutes and lasts for several hours. If necessary, additional doses can be administered to maintain numbness throughout the procedure.
Although the patient does not feel pain, they may still sense pressure, touch, or instrument movement. The injections themselves are not particularly painful thanks to very fine needles, though slight discomfort may occur. Once active, the anesthetized skin feels numb.
When is sedation recommended?
The anesthesia method is always tailored to the individual patient. This includes both physical and psychological factors. Sedation is often chosen to reduce stress and provide relaxation. It helps the patient sit or lie calmly while the surgeon works.
Sedation is optional and most often used for patients who:
- experience severe stress or anxiety before the procedure,
- have high sensitivity to stimuli,
- have had traumatic medical experiences,
- prefer not to remain fully conscious during the transplant.
The anesthesia plan is discussed during pre-operative consultations. The doctor explains the available options, and patients can share their concerns. Knowing what to expect usually reduces anxiety.
Can every patient receive anesthesia?
Local anesthesia and sedation are considered safe and widely used, but not everyone is eligible. Contraindications include allergies or hypersensitivity to anesthetic agents, certain neurological or heart conditions, and active infections.
Sedation may not be suitable for patients with breathing difficulties, pregnancy, or a history of severe reactions to sedatives. It’s also worth noting that similar contraindications apply to hair transplantation itself. This is why pre-operative consultations and health assessments are so important. A detailed medical history and lab tests are always conducted beforehand.
Preparing for anesthesia
FUE hair transplantation and its anesthesia do not require complicated preparation, but patients must follow basic rules. They should avoid stimulants for at least 48 hours before surgery. This includes cigarettes, alcohol, and coffee, as these affect blood clotting and drug effectiveness. Blood-thinning medications should also be avoided unless prescribed – in which case the doctor must be consulted.
On the day of surgery, a light but nutritious meal is recommended. Because the procedure is long, hunger could increase discomfort. Adequate sleep and hydration are also crucial. A rested body copes better with stress and recovery. If sedation is planned, fasting may be required to reduce the risk of nausea. Detailed pre-op instructions are always provided.
What to keep in mind after surgery?
After transplantation, patients remain at the clinic briefly for observation. If stable, they can return home the same day. For the next 24 hours, they should avoid driving, as anesthetic and sedative effects may impair concentration.
In the following days, they must avoid touching the treated areas, except for hygiene such as washing and applying care products. Physical activity should be limited so the body can focus on healing. The effects of anesthesia typically wear off within a few hours. Minor bruising or swelling at injection sites may occur but usually resolves within days.
Local anesthesia and sedation – possible side effects
Both methods are generally safe but may cause minor side effects. With local anesthesia, patients may experience temporary burning or discomfort at injection sites. Rarely, allergic reactions such as hives or itching occur. Serious complications are extremely uncommon.
Most patients tolerate sedation well. Sometimes mild drowsiness, dizziness, or dry mouth may occur, and occasionally a temporary drop in blood pressure. This is why patients are continuously monitored throughout the procedure. Following pre- and post-op medical advice minimizes risks. A thorough medical history and disclosure of all medications, allergies, and prior anesthetic reactions are also crucial.
