Many different hormones influence hair growth. During hormonal imbalances, hair loss may become noticeable. Hormones can affect hair located on different parts of the body.
The influence of hormones on hair
The biggest problem for hair is male sex hormones. Excess androgens, both in women and men, lead to hair loss. The issue usually affects men and manifests as hair thinning at the temples and crown of the head. Women often experience this problem during menopause, as the level of female sex hormones significantly decreases. Progesterone is also a threat to hair condition, as it increases hair greasiness.
Prolactin can also negatively affect hair and intensify hair loss. Some hormonal disorders may instead increase hair growth. This occurs during puberty and menopause in women. Excessive hair may appear in different parts of the body, sometimes taking the form of a so-called “mustache.” Excessive hair growth can also occur on the abdomen, back, or chest.
Which hormones should be tested in case of hair loss?
If you notice excessive hair loss, it is worth visiting a trichologist. The doctor will diagnose and determine the cause of the problem. Before your appointment, it is useful to carry out tests that will facilitate diagnosis. These tests include: TSH, FT3, FT4, prolactin, testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, cortisol, and estradiol. Since there can be many causes of hair loss, it is important to perform comprehensive tests.
Hair loss can also be caused by conditions not related to hormonal imbalances. In such cases, ferritin, ESR, vitamin B12, glucose levels, and a complete blood count should be checked. During the consultation, the doctor will also conduct an interview with the patient, which will be helpful in making a diagnosis. If necessary, the doctor may refer you for additional tests and consultations with a gynecologist or endocrinologist.
Here is a table presenting hormones, their normal ranges, and their impact on hair loss:
| Hormone | Normal range | Impact on hair loss |
|---|---|---|
| Testosterone | Men: 300–1000 ng/dL Women: 15–70 ng/dL | In excess, may cause male-pattern baldness in both men and women |
| Estrogens | Women: depends on the menstrual cycle phase | A deficiency may lead to hair loss |
| Progesterone | Women: depends on the menstrual cycle phase | A deficiency may lead to hair loss |
| T3 (triiodothyronine) | 100–200 ng/dL | In excess, may cause hair loss |
| T4 (thyroxine) | 4.5–12.5 μg/dL | In excess, may cause hair loss |
| Prolactin | Women: 2–29 ng/mL Men: 2–18 ng/mL | In excess, may cause hair loss |
| Cortisol | Morning: 6–23 μg/dL Evening: 2–12 μg/dL | In excess, may cause hair loss |
| Insulin | 2.6–24.9 μIU/mL | In excess, may cause hair loss |
| Growth hormone (GH) | Adults: <5 ng/mL Children: age-dependent | In excess, may cause hair loss |
It is important to note that hair loss can be caused by many other factors, with hormones being only one of them. In case of hair loss, it is always worth consulting a doctor.
Hair loss and thyroid hormones
One of the symptoms of thyroid disease is weakening and excessive hair loss. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism slow down metabolic processes and worsen skin condition. Thyroid disorders are associated with the production of T3 and T4. These hormones perform many functions in the body and stimulate metabolism and energy processes. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are two different disorders with distinct symptoms.
However, changes in hair and skin structure occur in both conditions. Abnormal hormone levels slow down processes in the hair follicles. The final stage is the cessation of hair growth. There are also disruptions in sebaceous gland function, and hair may become dry and brittle. About 2–4 months after the onset of hormonal disorders, hair problems begin. Hair loss can be stopped with pharmacological treatment that restores hormonal balance.
Cortisol and hair loss
The adrenal glands, located on top of both kidneys, produce cortisol. It is known as the stress hormone because it is secreted in stressful situations. A major issue is prolonged excess cortisol, which causes many disorders (including heart attack or stroke). One symptom of high cortisol levels is hair loss on the scalp. Causes include certain medications, excessive cortisol production by the adrenal glands, prolonged stress, or a pituitary tumor. Diagnosis involves measuring cortisol levels three or four times in a 24-hour urine sample. Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Balancing cortisol levels will gradually reduce disease symptoms.
Hormonal treatment of hair loss
The treatment method depends on the type of diagnosed disorder. The fight against hair loss can be approached internally and externally. Internal methods usually involve hormone therapy. As support, supplements containing vitamins or herbs can be used to stimulate hair regeneration. External methods include using high-quality hair care products such as conditioners, shampoos, and scalp treatments.
A trichologist may recommend different procedures to stimulate hair follicle growth. Microneedle mesotherapy of the scalp, which involves injecting a nourishing cocktail, is highly effective. One of the ways to eliminate the effects of baldness is a hair transplant. An experienced specialist guarantees the best results and significant hair density improvement.
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